white



(No, Model.)

J. WHITE.

JOINTING. ROOFING SHEETS.

' 'No. 511,386. Pa.tente'd-.Deo.'26,1893.

3 Sheets Sheet 2 (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

. J. WHITE.

JOINTING ROOFING SHEETS H No.511,3'86. Patented Dc; Z6-,=1893.x

NNNNNNNNNNNNN c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES WHITE, OFBROOKLYN, ASSIGNOR TO THE TWIST PIPE COMPANY, on NEWYORK, N. Y.

JOINTING ROOFING-SHEETS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 511,386, dated December26,1893

Application filed March 26, 1892. Renewed May 29, 1893- Serial No.475,982. (No model.)

To whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JAMES WHITE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Brooklyn, Kings county, New York, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Jointing Roofing-Sheets, fully described andrepresented in the following specification and the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part of the same.

The object of this invention is to furnish an expansible or yieldingjoint for the edges of roofing sheets and to anchor the joint securelyto the roof. This object I accomplish by forming flanges upon theroofing sheets, with inclined sides, and edges projected above the levelof the sheet, and adapted to overlap upon a wooden strip. The lappedjoint of two edges is secured by nails and covered by a cap which isheld in place without nails, and therefore without perforating the same.The strip of wood may be made witha grooved or a flat top, the groovebeing preferred, as it looks the edges of the flanges upon the strip andthus helps them to resist any-lateral strain. The strips are secured tothe roof before or after the edges of the sheets are lapped thereon, andthe flanges are nailed to the strips so that the roofing sheets aresecurely anchored to the roof. The expansion of the sheet is absorbed bythe sloping sides of the flange, and the joint is thus protected fromthe strains of expansion and contraction. When the joint is exposed tothe weather the cap is made wide enough to cover the highest portion ofboth flanges, and has its edges turned down to throw the water upon thesloping sides, and in such case, the cap is held in place by narrowcleats, first secured trans- Versely across the joint, with their endsbent over the edges of the cap to hold the latter in place. Where thejoint is not exposed to the weather, as in the case of sidings, the capmay be made narrower than the top portion of the flanges and securedover the joint by nails extended through the cap and the edges of theflanges.

The invention is shown in the annexed drawings in connection with flatsheets having joints upon opposite edges, and also in connection with acomposite sheet representing'six tiles, and having an imitation jointbetween the rows of tiles.

Figure l is a full sized diagram showing the ends of two sheets withtheir adjacent edges overlapped in readiness to receive the cap. Thesheets are broken at the middle of their width, and the roofing board,beneath the same, for Want of space upon the drawings. Fig. 2 is adiagram showing the joint of two sheets with the cleat secured by anail, and the cap secured by the cleat. Fig. 3 is a plan of a sheet withthe edges flanged as described. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of vthecleat. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the wooden strip. Fig. 6 is aperspective viewof the cap Figs. 5 and 6 being broken to represent anindefinite length; and Fig. 7 represents the joint with a cap nailedover the channels. Fig. 8 shows the roof board with the ends of threeroofing sheets having flat edges. Fig. 9 shows a cap to cover the same;Fig. 10 a cleat to hold such cap in place, and Fig. 11 a diagram showingthe application of the cap and cleat to the flat edges of the flanges.Fig. 12 is an end View of a composite sheet provided with my improvedjoint, and Fig. 13 is a plan of the same. Figs. 3 and 5 are drawn upon asmaller scale than the other figures.

sis the roofing sheet, and t the boards ppon which the roof is laid. Theflange formed upon each sheet is provided with a sloping side at havingan edge projected laterally above the level of the sheet, which in Fig.1 is shown with a downwardly bent portion b and an upwardly bent portiona forming a V- shaped channel d above the level of the sheet.

In Figs. 1 to 7 inclusive, the strip of wood to is formed with aV-shaped groove in the top, corresponding with the shape of the channeld, and by forming the opposite edges of the sheet with identical flangesthe edges of the flanges may be overlapped in the groove, with onechannel inside the other, thus forming a water tight joint.

In applying this invention to a roof, the sheets of metal wouldsometimes be jointed together in long strips, and passed through IOanother until the whole roof was covered,

nails e being driven through the bottoms of the channels into the stripsfrom time to time to hold the strips and the sheets in their properposition. Such nails would expose the joints to leakage, and where it isnecessary to protect the same from theweather, a cap f is formed inconvenient lengths and adapted to cover the top portion of the flangesabove the wooden strip; the edges f of the cap being bent downward tothrow the water off of thejoint upon the sloping portion a of theflanges, whence it would run down upon the sheets as desired. To holdthe cap in place Without perforating the same, cleats consisting innarrow strips g are bent to fit transversely in the bottom of thechannel with their ends projected beyond the edges of the cap, as shownin Fig. 4:. In Fig. 2, such cleat is shown secured over the joint by anail e driven through the whole joint and through the strip w into theroofing boards t. In Fig. 2, the ends of the cleat are shown in dottedlines in their original form, and in full lines bent over the edges ofthe cap; thus securing the same in place without perforating the cap atany point. The successive sections of the cap would be joined at theirends by lapping them, as would also the roofing sheets, as is commonwith slates or shingles, or the transversejoints-may be made tight bysolderif the roof be made very flat. The sloping sides of the flange atthe edge of each sheet, forms a space or clearance 01, between suchflange and the upright sides of the strip to, and the body of the sheetis thus enabled to expand or contract without any crowding of the sheetupon the parts which form the joint. When the edges of the flanges areformed with V-shaped channels, the engagement of such channels with thegroove in the strip tends to lock the joint upon the strip, and thusassist also in preserving the joint in great measure from the strains ofexpansion and contraction.

In Figs. 2 and 6, the cap is shown at the middle of its width concaved,which is done for ornament merely, and serves to produce a pleasingeffect when the roof is covered with a series of sheets united by suchjoints. The cap may be flat, or may be arched without altering itsfunction, which, when its edges extend over the top of the joint, is tofully exclude the weather from the same. This system of jointing sheetsmay be used for siding or for ceilings, in which case the nails 6 wouldnot be exposed so much to the weather,

and the cap may be made narrower than the top of the joint, as shown inFig. 7, and se cured in place by nails e driven through the middle lineof the cap into the strip 20. The ed es of the flanges may be made flat,as

sh wn in Figs. 8 and 11,in which case the cap is necessarily arched asshown in Fig. 9, and

the cleats are preferably formed to extend down the sloping sides alittle way as shown in Fig. 10, and in the dotted lines g in Fig. 11.Such a form for the cleats permits the edges of the cap to embrace suchsloping sides before it is secured in place by the bent ends of thecleats, as shown in Fig. 11.

Fig. 11 shows the applieationof the invention to fire proof roofs whichare heavily coated with hydraulic cement or analogous plastic material,in the substance of which the strips to may be readily bedded as shownin Fig. 11, so as to anchor the roofing sheets to the cement when thesheets are nailed to the strips.

Figs. 12 and 13 show the invention applied to composite sheets, each ofwhich represents a number of shingles, tiles, or other metalliccoverings, formed in one piece.

.9 represent longitudinal and transverse ridges which imitate a seriesof earthen tiles overlapped on one another, the margin of the sheet uponthe opposite sides being formed with the flanges a, b, c, to producejoints of the same shape as that shown in Fig. 1; and hollow ribs d arepressed in the sheet metal intermediate to the ridges s, to imitatecomplete joints of the same shape. The surface of the sheet between theseveral rows of tiles thus presents the same appearance at all pointsupon the roof, and produces a more perfect imitation of single sheetmetal tiles laid with such joints.

The composite sheet can be laid much more rapidly and secured to theroof with less labor than single tiles or strips having correspondingjoints.

By the present system of jointing roofing sheets, the necessity offorming any seams upon the flanges is wholly avoided, the sheets areadapted to fit upon one another at either edge, and may be laid withmuch greater rapidity than where flanges are first formed upon thesheets and afterward interlocked or seamed by a subsequent operation.The ridges formed upon the roof by the breadth of the joint are muchmore ornamental than the slender ridges formed by the ordinary standingseam, and as the entire roof may be laid without the use of solder orheated cement, the danger of fire is wholly obviated.

I am aware that the edges of sheets have been secured upon wooden stripsforming ridges upon the roof, and I do not therefore claim suchconstruction broadly. I am not however aware that any roofing sheet hasever been provided with flanges having the sloping side a with the edgeb,c, bent to form a channel 62 above the level of the sheet; nor am Iaware that cleats haveever been secured transversely across the jointand a cap held in place over the joint by the bent ends of the cleats.

I'have in another application filed simultaneously herewith and numbered426,530, claimed roofing sheets with hollow ribs upon their edges and\.'-shaped channels upon the ribs adapted to overlap like the bentflange b, 0, herein, and have also shown the cap combined with suchjoint. Such ribs and channels are not however held above the level ofthe sheet as claimed herein and cannot therefore be used with the woodenstrips w. I hereby disclaim the subject matter of the said application.

Having thus set forth the nature of my invention, what I claim hereinis 1. A roofing sheet having flanges formed with the sloping side a, andthe edge b, c, bent to form a channel 01 above the level of the sheet,as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination, with the roofing sheets having flanges formed withthe sloping side a, and edge I), c bent to form a V-shaped channel abovethe level of the sheet, of the strips to, formed with the groove whaving the edges of the flanges overlapped therein and. secured bynails, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination, with the wooden strips w having the V-shaped grooveto, of the roofing sheets having flanges formed with the sloping side a,and edges bent intoV-shaped channels secured Within the groove to bynails, and a cap secured longitudinally over the joint with edges bentdownward over the sloping sides of the flange, substantially as hereinset forth.

4.. The combination, with the wooden strips to, of the sheets havingflanges secured upon the strips by nails, the cleats g securedtransversely across the joint, and the cap laid upon the cleats and heldin place by the bentends 0f the same, as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

JAMES WHITE. Witnesses:

Anson O. KITTREDGE, THOMAS S. CRANE.

